Criminal liability of medical professionals in the São Paulo State Court of Appeals / Responsabilização penal do médico no Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo

ABSTRACT Objective To collect criminal justice data involving medical professionals in the São Paulo State Court of Appeals and to establish the number of criminal proceedings involving said professionals, the content of the accusations and the conviction rate per specialty. Methods A keyword search was carried out in the State Appellate Court case law website with the term "medical error" for decisions rendered from January 1st, 2011 to December 31st, 2016, and the subject "criminal law" was selected. Results A total of 34 cases met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Lower court's convictions accounted to 73.5% of the cases, with a slight tendency towards increase over the years. The number of cases per medical specialty was ten cases of clinical emergency, eight of obstetrics, seven of surgery, three of pediatrics (one case was related to pediatrics and obstetrics), two of orthopedic surgery, two of clinical director, one anesthesiologist and one nonemergency internal medicine physician. Among these cases, 6 were related to bodily injury, 26 to homicide and 2 criminal contempt. Conclusion The physicians most exposed to medical error were from surgical specialties, probably due to the higher rate of complications associated with the procedures, and emergency physicians, professionals who need greater qualification.

RESUMO Objetivo Realizar um levantamento de dados na esfera penal envolvendo médicos no Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo e estabelecer o número de processos penais que os envolveu, verificando o teor das acusações e a frequência das condenações, levando-se em consideração as especialidades em que eles atuavam. Métodos Foi realizada pesquisa por palavra-chave na área de jurisprudência do site do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo com o termo "medical error" para as decisões proferidas de 1° de janeiro de 2011 até 31 de dezembro de 2016, sendo selecionado o assunto "direito penal". Resultados Foram encontrados e analisados 34 processos que corresponderam ao critério de inclusão. Houve 73,5% de condenação em primeira instância, observando-se discreta tendência de aumento no decorrer dos anos. O número de processos, de acordo com a especialidade médica, foi dez casos de emergência clínica, oito de obstetrícia, sete de cirurgia, três de pediatria (sendo que em um caso se referia a pediatria junto de obstetrícia), dois de ortopedia, dois de diretor clínico, um de anestesista e um de clínico não emergencista. Dentre estes casos, 6 se referiam à lesão corporal, 26 a homicídio e 2 a crime de desobediência. Conclusão Os médicos mais expostos a erros médicos foram os das especialidades cirúrgicas, provavelmente devido ao maior índice de complicações associadas ao procedimento, e os emergencistas, necessitando de uma maior capacitação destes profissionais.

Criminalidad en cifras: delitos en Colombia, 2009 / Criminality in Figures: Crimes in Colombia, 2009

El presente análisis comienza con el estudio de los delitos del año 2009, identificándolos según los títulos del Código Penal colombiano y ahondando en los más representativos, de acuerdo con la frecuencia en que se manifiestan. En cada título se seleccionan las tres conductas delictivas con los mayores reportes a nivel nacional, así como las cinco unidades de Policía con el mayor número de delitos. En la segunda parte se realiza un análisis comparativo de los delitos de mayor impacto social en los años 2008 y 2009, teniendo en cuenta las principales variables en cada modalidad

This analysis begins with a study of crimes occurring in 2009, by identifying each one according to the titles of the Colombian Criminal Code (“Código Penal”), and looking at the subject in greater detail while examining in depth those misconducts that are most representative according to the frequency of occurrence observed. In each chapter, the three most reported criminal conducts at the national level are selected, as well as the five Police units with the highest number of cases. In the second part, a comparative analysis is made of those crimes having caused the highest social impact in 2008 and 2009, always taking into account the main variables in each modality

Delincuencia infantojuvenil y sistema judicial en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina / Child and juvenile delinquency and legal system in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina

Considerando la relevancia social de la delincuencia infanto-juvenil, la escasa disponibilidad de evidencias científicas locales y el momento de cambio en el sistema, este artículo tiene el propósito de comentar el sistema de responsabilidad penal en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, y explorar aspectos relacionados con la salud mental de los jóvenes que cometieron delitos y se encuentran institucionalizados en la jurisdicción del Departamento Judicial La Plata.

Taking into account the social relevance of child and juvenile delinquency, the little availability of local scientific evidence concerning the subject and the moment of change in the system, this article is intended to describe the criminal system of responsibility in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Psychiatric and psychological aspects of youth involved in crimes and of those who are institutionalized in the Legal Department of La Plata shall be explored.